8. Hans Frank
A. FRANK HELD A POSITION OF LEADERSHIP IN THE
NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHE DEUTSCHE ARBEITERPARTEI (NSDAP) AND
IN THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT.
Frank held the following positions in the NSDAP and the
German Government:
(1) Member of NSDAP, 1928-1945.
(2) Member of the Reichstag, 1930-1945.
(3) Reich Minister Without Portfolio, 1934-1945.
(4) Reich Commissar for the Coordination of the State
Administration of Justice and for Reformation of the Law
(Reichskommissar fuer die Gleichschaltung der Justiz in der
Landern und fuer Erneuerung der Rechsordnung), April 1933-
December 1934, in the Ministry of Justice.
(5) President, International Chamber of Law, 1941-42.
(6) President, Academy of German Law (Praesident der
Akademie fuer Deutsches Recht), 1933-1942.
(7) Governor-General of the Occupied Polish Territories
(General Gouverneur fuer die besetzten polnischen Gebiete),
October 1939-1945.
(8) Bavarian State Minister of Justice, March 1933-December
1934.
(9) Reichsleiter of NSDAP, 1933-1942.
(10) Leader of the National Socialist Lawyers League (Bund
Nationalsozialistscher deutscher Juristen), 1933-1942.
(11) Editor or author of the following between 1930 and
1942:
(a) “Deutsches Recht” (Magazine of National Socialist Jurist
League)
(b) Magazine of the Academy of German Law.
(c) National Socialist Handbook for Law and Legislation.
(2979-PS)
B. FRANK PROMOTED THE SEIZURE OF POWER BY THE NAZI
CONSPIRATORS. AS THE LEADING NAZI JURIST, HE FURTHERED THE
REALIZATION OF THE CONSPIRATORS' PROGRAM IN THE FIELD OF
LAW.
Frank himself described his role in the Nazi struggle for
power in the following words in August 1942:
“I have since 1920 continually dedicated my work to the
NSDAP. *** As National Socialist I was a participant in
the events of November 1923, for which I received the
Blutorden. After the resurrection of the movement in
the year 1925, my real greater activity in the movement
began, which made me, first gradually, later almost
exclusively, the legal advisor of the Fuehrer and of
the Reich leadership of the NSDAP. I thus was the
representative of legal interests of the growing Third
Reich in a legal ideological as well as practical legal
way. *** The culmination of this work I see in the big
Leipzig Army Trial in which I succeeded in having the
Fuehrer admitted to the famous oath of legality, a
circumstance which gave the Movement the legal grounds
to expand generously. The Fuehrer indeed recognized
this achievement and in 1926 made me leader of the
National Socialist Lawyers League; in 1929 Reich Leader
of the Reich Legal Office of the NSDAP; in 1933
Bavarian Minister of Justice; in the same year Reich
Commissioner of Justice; in 1934 President of the
Academy of German Law founded by me; in December 1934
Reich Minister Without Portfolio; and in 1939 I was
finally appointed to Governor General for the occupied
Polish territories.
“So I was, am and will remain the representative jurist
of the struggle period of National Socialism. ***
“I profess myself now, and always, as a National
Socialist and a faithful follower of the Fuehrer Adolf
Hitler, whom I have now served since 1919.” (2233-X-PS)
Frank’s Diary, from which this quotation is taken, to which
frequent reference is made in this section, is the official
journal, kept at Frank’s direction, of his administration in
the General Govern-
[Page 626]
ment. It consists of 38 volumes in which are recorded the
official texts of speeches, transcripts of conferences,
minutes of cabinet sessions, etc. The volumes are divided
into several concurrent series (Tagebuch,
Abteilungsleitersitzungen etc.) which cover the several
aspects of the official business of the administration.
As the “representative jurist of the struggle period of
National Socialism” and in the various juridical capacities
listed in the preceding section, Frank was between 1933 and
1939 the most prominent policy-maker in the field of German
legal theory.
In 1934 Frank founded the Academy of German Law, of which he
was president until 1942. The statute defining the functions
of the Academy conferred on it wide power to coordinate
juridical policies:
“It is the task of the Academy for German Law to
further the rejuvenation of the Law in Germany. Closely
connected with the agencies competent for legislation,
it shall further the realization of the National
Socialist Program in the realm of Law. This task shall
be carried out through well-fixed scientific methods.
“The Academy’s task shall cover primarily:
“1. The composition, the initiation, judging and
preparing of drafts of law.
“2. The collaboration in rejuvenating and unifying the
training in jurisprudence and political science.
“3. The editing and supporting of scientific
publications.
“4. The financial assistance for research and work in
specific fields of Law and Political Economy.
“5. The organization of scientific meetings and the
organization of courses.
“6. The cultivation of connections to similar
institutions in foreign countries". (1391-PS)
What Frank as policy-maker in the field of law conceived as
his task he explained in a radio address on 20 March 1934:
“The first task was that of establishing a unified
German State. It was an outstanding historical and
juristic-political accomplishment on the part of our
Fuehrer that he reached boldly into the development of
history and thereby eliminated the sovereignty of the
various German states… “The second fundamental law
of the Hitler Reich is racial legislation. The National
Socialists were the first ones in the entire history of
human law to elevate the concept of race to the status
of a legal term. The German nation, unified racially
and nationally, will in the future be legally protected
[Page 627]
against any further disintegration of the German race
stock…
“The sixth fundamental law was the legal elimination of
those political organizations which within the state,
during the period of the reconstruction of the people
and the Reich, were once able to place their selfish
aims ahead of the common good of the nation. This
elimination has taken place entirely legally. It is not
the coming to the fore of despotic tendencies but it
was the necessary legal consequence of a clear
political result, of the 14 years' struggle of the
NSDAP. “In accordance with these unified legal aims in
all spheres, particular efforts have for months now
been made as regards the work of the great reform of
the entire field of German law. ***” (2536-PS)
Frank concluded his remarks by pointing out that the outward
forms of legality could be preserved in building the Nazi
state:
“As a leader of the German Jurists I am convinced that
together with all strata of the German people, we shall
be able to construct the legal state of Adolf Hitler in
every respect and to such an extent that no one in the
world will at any time be able to attack this legal
state as regards its laws". (2536-PS)
In his speech at the Congress of the Reich Group of
University Professors of the National Socialist Jurists'
League on 3 October 1936, Frank explained the necessity for
excluding Jews from the legal
“*** this topic embraces all that which in our opinion
will contribute to establishing National Socialism in
the field of jurisprudence, thus eliminating any alien
racial spirit therefrom. ***
“We National Socialists have started with anti-Semitism
in our fight to free the German people, to re-establish
a German Reich and to build our entire German
spiritual, cultural and social life on the
indestructible foundation of our race. We started a
gigantic battle in 1919 *** It took all the self-
confidence of German manhood to withstand and to
triumph in this fight to substitute the German spirit
for Jewish corruption over the concerted attacks of
powerful world groups of which Jewry is a
representative.
“Particularly we National Socialist Jurists have a
mission of our own to accomplish in this battle. We
construct German law on the foundations of old and
vital elements of the German people. ***
[Page 628]
“It is so obvious that it hardly needs mentioning that
any participation whatsoever of the Jew in German law -
— be it in a creative, interpretative, educational or
critical capacity — is impossible. The elimination of
the Jews from German jurisprudence is in no way due to
hatred or envy but to the understanding that the
influence of the Jew on German life is essentially a
pernicious and harmful one and that in the interests of
the German people and to protect its future an
unequivocal boundary must be drawn between us and the
Jews.”
As the leading Nazi jurist, Frank accepted and promoted the
system of concentration camps and of arrest without warrant.
In an article on “Legislation and Judiciary in the Third
Reich' published in the Journal of the Academy of German Law
in 1936, Frank explained:
“To the world we are blamed again and again because of
the concentration camps. We are asked, 'Why do you
arrest without a warrant of arrest?' I say, put
yourselves into the position of our nation. Don’t
forget that the very great and still untouched world of
Bolshevism cannot forget that we have made final
victory for them impossible in Europe, right here on
German soil.” (2533-PS)
Just as the other conspirators mobilized the military,
economic, and diplomatic resources of Germany for war,
Frank, in the field of legal policy, geared the German
juridical machine for a war of aggression, which, as he
explained in 1942 to the NSDAP District Standortsfuehrung
Galicia at a mass meeting in Lemberg, had for its purpose:
“*** to expand the living space for our people in a
natural manner". (2233-S-PS)
Frank was proud of this accomplishment. In a speech before
the Academy of German Law in November 1939, he stated:
“Today we are proud to have formulated our legal
principles from the very beginning in such a way that
they need not be changed in the case of war. For the
rule, that right is that which is useful to the nation,
and wrong is that which harms it, which stood at the
beginning of our legal work, and which established this
collective term of nation as the only standard of value
of the law — this rule dominates also the law of these
times.” (445-PS)
[Page 629]
C. THROUGH USE OF HIS OFFICE AS GOVERNOR GENERAL, FRANK
PARTICIPATED IN THE CONSPIRACY To COMMIT WAR CRIMES AND
CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY IN THE TERRITORY OF THE GENERAL
GOVERNMENT OF POLAND.
Certain of the war crimes and crimes against humanity
committed by the Nazi conspirators, and in particular by
Frank in the General Government of Poland are discussed in
Chapter X on the Slave Labor Program, Chapter XI on
Concentration Camps, Chapter XII on Persecution of the Jews,
and Chapter XIII on Germanization and Spoliation. This
section will attempt to trace Frank’s special
responsibility, as Governor General, for the policies
underlying the crimes committed in the General Government
during the period of his
Frank was appointed Governor General of the Occupied Polish
Territories by a Hitler decree dated 12 October 1939. The
scope of his executive power was defined as follows:
“Section 1. The territories occupied by German troops
shall be subject to the authority of the Governor
General of the occupied Polish territories, except
insofar as they are incorporated within the German
Reich.
“Section 2. (1) I appoint Reich Minister Dr. Frank as
Governor General of the occupied Polish territories.
(2) As Deputy Governor General I appoint Reich Minister
Dr. Seyss-Inquart.
“Section 3. (1) The Governor General shall be directly
responsible to me. (2) All branches of the
administration shall be directed by the Governor
General ***.” (2537-PS)
The jurisdiction and functions of Frank in the General
Government are described by him in several passages of his
diary. For example at a meeting of Department Heads of the
General Government on 8 March 1940 in the Bergakademie,
Frank clarified his status as follows:
“One thing is certain. The authority of General
Government as the representative of the Fuehrer and the
will of the Reich in this territory is certainly
strong, and I have always emphasized that I would not
tolerate the misuse of this authority. I have allowed
this to be known anew at every office in Berlin,
especially after Herr Field Marshall Goering on
12.2.1940 from Karin-hall had forbidden all
Administrative Offices of the Reich, including the
Police and even the Wehrmacht, to interfere in
administrative matters of the General Government ***
[Page 630]
“There is no authority here in the General Government
which is higher as to rank, influence, and authority
than that of the Governor General. Even the Wehrmacht
has no governmental or official functions of any kind
in this connection; it has only security functions and
general military duties — it has no political power
whatsoever. The same applies here to the Police and SS.
There is here no state within a state but we are the
representatives of the Fuehrer and of the Reich. In
final conclusion, this applies also to the Party which
has here no far-reaching influence except for the fact
that very old members of the National Socialist Party
and loyal veterans of the Fuehrer take care of general
matters.” (2233-M-PS)
At a conference of the District Standartenfuehrer of the
NSDAP in Cracow on 18 March 1942, Frank explained the
relationship between his administration and Himmler:
“As you know I am a fanatic as to unity in
administration. *** It is therefore clear that the
Higher SS and Police Officer is subordinated to me,
that the Police is a component of the government, that
the SS and Police Officer in the district is
subordinated to the Governor, and that the Kreis
[district] chief has the authority of command over the
gendarmerie in his Kreis [district]. This the
Reichsfuehrer SS has recognized; in the written
agreement all these points are mentioned word for word
and signed. It is also self-evident that we cannot set
up a closed shop here which can be treated in the
traditional manner of small states. It would, for
instance, be ridiculous if we would build up here a
security policy of our own against our Poles in the
country, while knowing that the Polacks in West
Prussia, in Posen, in Wartheland and in Silesia have
one and the same movement of resistance. The
Reichsfuehrer SS and Chief of the German Police thus
must be able to carry out with the aid of his agencies
his police measures concerning the interests of the
Reich as a whole. This, however, will be done in such a
way that the measures to be adopted will first be
submitted to me and carried out only when I give my
consent. In the General Government, the Police is the
Armed Forces. As a result of this, the leader of the
Police system will be called by me into the government
of the General Government; he is subordinate to me, or
to my deputy, as a State Secretary for the Security
Systems.” (2233-R-PS)
[Page 631]
D. THE PROTOCOL UNDER WHICH THE PURPOSES OF FRANKS
ADMINISTRATION OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT WERE DEFINED
CONSTITUTES IN ITSELF A CRIMINAL PLAN OR CONSPIRACY.
The protocol of the conversation between Keitel and Hitler,
which was dated 20 October 1939 and initialed by General
Warlimont, regarding “The Future Shape of Polish Relations
with Germany” provided in part as follows:
“(1) The Armed Forces will welcome it if they can
dispose of Administrative questions in Poland.
“On principle there cannot be two administrations.”
“(3) It is not the task of the Administration to make
Poland into a model province or a model state of the
German order or to put her economically or financially
on a sound basis.
“The Polish intelligentsia must be prevented from
forming a ruling class. The standard of living in the
country is to remain low; we only want to draw labor
forces from there. Poles are also to be used for the
administration of the country. However the forming of
national political groups may not be allowed.
“(4) The administration has to work on its own
responsibility and must not be dependent on Berlin. We
don’t want to do there what we do in the Reich. The
responsibility does not rest with the Berlin Ministries
since there is no German administrative unit concerned.
“The accomplishment of this task will involve a hard
racial struggle [Volkstumskampf] which will not allow
any legal restrictions. The methods will be
incompatible with the principles otherwise adhered to
by us.
“The Governor General is to give the Polish nation only
bare living conditions and is to maintain the basis for
military security.”
“(6) *** Any tendencies towards the consolidation of
conditions in Poland are to be suppressed. The 'Polish
muddle' [polnische Wirtschaft] must be allowed to
develop. The government of the territory must make it
possible for us to purify the Reich territory from Jews
and Polacks, too. Collaboration with new Reich
provinces (Posen and West Prussia) only for
resettlements (Compare Mission Himmler).
“Purpose: Shrewdness and severity must be the maxims in
[Page 632]
this racial struggle in order to spare us from going to
battle on account of this country again.” (864-PS)
Frank’s own statements regarding the purposes of his
administration in Poland should be considered in connection
with the foregoing document. The economic and political
responsibilities which had been conferred on Frank by
Hitler, and according to which he “intended to administer
Poland", were explained by Frank as follows in an interview
that took place on 3 October 1939:
“Poland can only be administered by utilizing the
country through means of ruthless exploitation,
deportation of all supplies, raw materials, machines,
factory installations, etc., which are important for
the German war economy, availability of all workers for
work within Germany, reduction of the entire Polish
economy to absolute minimum necessary for bare
existence of the population, closing of all educational
institutions, especially technical schools and colleges
in order to prevent the growth of the new Polish
intelligentsia. 'Poland shall be treated as a colony;
the Poles shall be the slaves of the Greater German
World Empire.'” (EC-344-16 & 17)
The Hitler-Keitel protocol should also be construed in the
light of various passages in Frank’s diary relating to
German policy in Poland. Illegality had been made in effect
a canon of administration by the protocol, which provided
that Frank’s task involved “a hard racial struggle which
will not allow any legal restrictions.” Frank emphasized
this point to his Department Heads at a conference on 19
December 1940:
“*** In this country the force of a determined
leadership must rule. The Pole must feel here that we
are not building him a legal state, but that for him
there is only one duty, namely, to work and to behave
himself. It is clear that this leads sometimes to
difficulties, but you must, in your own interest, see
that all measures are ruthlessly carried out in order
to become master of the situation. You can rely on me
absolutely in this.” (2233-O-PS)
It was the German purpose from the beginning to administer
the General Government as colonial territory in total
disregard of the duties imposed by International Law on an
occupying power, and Frank’s administrative policies were
shaped in accordance with this policy. At the first
conference with Department Heads of the General Government
on 2 December 1939, Frank stated:
“Decisive in the administrative activities of the
General Government
[Page 633]
is the will of the Fuehrer that this area shall
be the first colonial territory of the German nation.”
(2233-K-PS)
The “hard racial struggle” which Keitel and Hitler agreed
could be solved only if attacked without “legal
restrictions,” developed into the struggle which had as its
ultimate purpose the Germanization of the General
Government.
Frank’s adherence to the conspirators' Germanization policy
was clearly expressed by him at an official meeting of
political leaders of the NSDAP in Cracow on 5 August 1942.
Frank explained on that occasion:
“The situation in regard to Poland is unique insofar as
on the one hand — I speak quite openly — we must
expand Germanism in such a manner that the area of the
General Government becomes pure German colonized land
at some decades to come; and, on the other hand under
the present war conditions we have to allow foreign
racial groups to perform here the work which must be
carried out in the service of Greater Germany.” (2233-V-
PS)
Expediency, and expediency only, tempered Frank’s treatment
of the non-German population of the General Government in
the “hard racial struggle” he was charged with
administering. The General Government was destined to become
"pure German colonized land", the valley of the Vistula to
be as “German as the valley of the Rhine.” (2233-H-PS)
As for the Poles and Ukrainians, Frank’s attitude was clear.
They were to be permitted to work for the German economy as
long as the war emergency continued. Once the war was won,
he told the District Standortfuehrung and Political Leaders
at a conference at Cracow on 14 January 1944:
"*** then, for all I care, mincemeat [Hackfleisch] can be
made of the Poles and the Ukrainians and all the others who
run around here it does not matter what happens.” (2233-BB-
PS)
E. FRANK ADVOCATED AND ADMINISTERED A PROGRAM OF
EXTERMINATING JEWS OF POLISH NATIONALITY WITHIN THE GENERAL
Frank’s diary makes it clear that the complete annihilation
of Jews, in accordance with the racial program of the Nazi
conspirators was one of the objectives of his administration
as Governor General. In the fall of 1940 Frank urged German
soldiers to reassure their families in Germany with regard
to the hardships of life in the General Government:
[Page 634]
“In all these weeks, they [i. e., your families] will
be thinking of you, saying to themselves: My God,
there he sits in Poland where there are so many lice
and Jews, perhaps he is hungry and cold, perhaps he is
afraid to write. *** It would not be a bad idea then to
send our dear ones back home a picture, and tell them:
well now, there are not so many lice and Jews any more,
and conditions here in the Government General have
changed and improved somewhat already. Of course, I
could not eliminate all lice and Jews in only one
year’s time (public amused). But in the course of time,
and above all, if you help me, this end will be
attained. After all, it is not necessary for us to
accomplish everything within a year and right away, for
what would otherwise be left for those who follow us to
do?” (2233-C-PS).
A year later at a Cabinet Session of 16 December 1941 Frank
restated the official policy of his administration with
respect to Jews:
“As far as the Jews are concerned, I want to tell you
quite frankly, that they must be done away with in one
way or another. The Fuehrer said once: should united
Jewry again succeed in provoking a world war, the blood
of not only the nations which have been forced into the
war by them, will be shed, but the Jew will have found
his end in Europe ***
“Gentlemen, I must ask you to rid yourselves of all
feeling of pity. We must annihilate the Jews, wherever
we find them and wherever it is possible, in order to
maintain here the structure of the Reich as a whole.
This will, naturally, be achieved by other methods
than those pointed out by Bureau Chief Dr. Hummel. Nor
can the judges of the Special Courts be made
responsible for it, because of the limitations of the
framework of the legal procedure. Such outdated views
cannot be applied to such gigantic and unique events.
We must find at any rate, a way which leads to the
goal, and my thoughts are working in that direction.
“The Jews represent for us also extraordinarily
malignant gluttons. We have now approximately 2,500,000
of them in the General Government, perhaps with the
Jewish mixtures and everything that goes with it,
3,500,000 Jews. We cannot shoot or poison those
3,500,000 Jews, but we shall nevertheless be able to
take measures, which will lead, somehow, to their
annihilation, and this in connection with the gigantic
measures to be determined in discussions from the
Reich.
[Page 635]
The General Government must become free of Jews, the same as
the Reich. Where and how this is to be achieved is a matter
for the offices which we must appoint and create here. Their
activities will be brought to your attention in due course.”
(2233-D-PS)
An earlier passage in the report of this session of the
Cabinet explains the references to Dr. Hummel. Hummel had
complained that legal formalities were obstructing the
process of liquidation:
“In Warsaw, in spite of the setting up of a third court
chamber, we have been able to decree only 45 death
sentences, only 8 of which have been carried out, since
in each individual case, the Pardon Commission
[Gnadenkommssion] in Cracow has to make the final
decision. A further 600 sentences were demanded and are
under consideration. An effective isolation of the
ghetto is not possible by way of the Special Court
Procedure. The procedure to be followed up to the
liquidation takes too much time; it is burdened with
too many formalities and must be simplified.” (2233-Q-
PS)
Frank himself ordered that every Jew seen outside the Ghetto
should be executed:
“Severe measures must and will be adopted against Jews
leaving the Ghettos. Death sentences pending against
Jews for this reason must be carried out as quickly as
possible. This order according to which every Jew found
outside the Ghetto is to be executed, must be carried
out without fail.” (2233-Q-PS)
When ways and means of meeting the food deficit in the
General Government created by the increase in quotas to be
requisitioned for export to Germany were discussed in August
1942, Frank approved a program which provided in part as
follows:
“The feeding of a Jewish population, estimated
heretofore at 1.6 million, drops off to an estimated
total of 300,000 Jews, who still work for German
interests as craftsmen or otherwise. For these the
Jewish rations, including certain special allotments
which have proved necessary for the maintenance of
working capacity, will be retained. The other Jews, a
total of 1.2 million, will no longer be provided with
foodstuffs.” (2233-E-PS)
Frank’s concurrence was expressed in the following terms:
“That we sentence 1.2 million Jews to die of hunger
should be noted only marginally. It is a matter of
course that should the Jews not starve it would, we
hope, result in speeding up anti-Jewish measures.”
(2233-E-PS)
[Page 636]
At an official meeting of the political leaders of the NSDAP
on 5 August 1942, Frank made the following progress report:
“What a dirty people made up of Jews swaggered around
here before 1939! And where are the Jews today? You
scarcely see them. If you see them they are working.”
(2233-V-PS)
In December 1941, Frank had pointed out that his
administration could not shoot or poison all the three and a
half million Jews in the General Government. He had
promised, however, that he would be able to devise measures
which would lead to their annihilation. Two years later, at
a special press conference in January 1944, he was able to
report that his mission was almost accomplished.
"At the present time we have still in the General Government
perhaps 100,000 Jews.” (2233-F-PS)
[Page 636]
F. FRANK IMPOSED UPON THE POPULATION OF THE GENERAL
GOVERNMENT A REIGN OF TERROR, OPPRESSION, IMPOVERISHMENT,
AND STARVATION.
What had happened in the General Government in the first
three and a half years of Frank’s administration was
summarized by Frank in a report to Hitler on the situation
in Poland, dated 19 June 1943:
“In the course of time, a series of measures or of
consequences of the German rule have led to a
substantial deterioration of the attitude of the entire
Polish people in the German Government. These measures
have affected either individual professions or the
entire population and frequently also — often with
crushing severity — the fate of individuals. “Among
these are in particular:
“1. The entirely insufficient nourishment of the
population, mainly of the working classes in the
cities, whose majority is working for German interests.
“Until the war of 1939, its food supplies, though not
varied, were sufficient and generally secure, due to
the agrarian surplus of the former Polish state and in
spite of the negligence on the part of their former
political leadership.
“2 — The confiscation of a great part of the Polish
estates and the expropriation without compensation and
resettlement of Polish peasants from manoeuvre areas
and from German settlements.
“3 — Encroachments and confiscations in the
industries, in commerce and trade and in the field of
private property.
[Page 637]
“4 — Mass arrests and mass shootings by the German
police who applied the system of collective
responsibility.
“5 — The rigorous methods of recruiting workers.
“6 — The extensive paralyzation of cultural life.
“7 — The closing of high schools, junior colleges, and
universities.
“8 — The limitation, indeed the complete elimination
of Polish influence from all spheres of State
administration.
“9 — Curtailment of the influence of the Catholic
Church, limiting its extensive influence — an
undoubtedly necessary move — and, in addition, until
quite recently, the closing and confiscation of
monasteries, schools and charitable institutions.” (437-
PS)
In order to illustrate how completely Frank as Governor
General is identified with the criminal policies whose
execution is re-ported in the foregoing document, and the
extent to which they were the official policies of his
administration, it is proposed to annotate several of the
items with passages from Frank’s own diary.
(1) Undernourishment of Polish population. The extent of the
undernourishment of the Polish population was reported to
Frank in September 1941 by Obermedizinalrat Dr. Walbaum:
“Obermedizinalrat Dr. Walbaum expresses his opinion of
the health condition of the Polish population.
Investigations which were carried out by his department
proved that the majority of Poles eat only about 600
calories, whereas the normal requirement for a human
being is 2,200 calories. The Polish population was
enfeebled to such an extent that it would fall an easy
prey to spotted fever. The number of diseased Poles
amounted today already to 40. During the last week
alone 1000 new spotted fever cases have been officially
recorded. *** If the food rations were to be diminished
again, an enormous increase of the number of illnesses
could be predicted.” (2233-P-PS)
It was clear from this report that starvation was prevalent
in the General Government. Nevertheless, in August 1942,
Frank approved a new plan which called for much larger
contributions of foodstuffs to Germany at the expense of the
non-German population of the General Government. Methods of
meeting the new quotas out of the already grossly inadequate
rations of the General Government, and the impact of the new
quotas on the economy of the country were discussed at a
Cabinet meeting of the General Government on 18 August 1942
in terms which leave no
[Page 638]
doubt that not only was the proposed requisition far beyond
the resources of the country, but its impact was to be
distributed on a discriminatory basis.
Frank’s opening remarks at this meeting defined the scope of
the problem and its solution:
“Before the German people are to experience starvation,
the occupied territories and their people shall be
exposed to starvation. In this moment therefore we here
in the General Government must also have the iron
determination to help the Great German people, our
Fatherland… The General Government therefore must do
the-following: The General Government has taken on the
obligation to send 500,000 tons bread grains to the
Fatherland in addition to the foodstuffs already being
delivered for the relief of Germany or consumed here by
troops of the armed forces, Police or SS. If you
compare this with our contributions of last year you
can see that this means a six fold increase over that
of last year’s contribution of the General Government.
The new demand will be fulfilled exclusively at the
expense of the foreign population. It must be done cold-
bloodedly and without pity; *** “
President of the Main Department for Food and Agriculture
Naumann (apparently an official of the General Government)
then described how the reduced quantity of food available
for feeding the population of the General Government should
be distributed:
“The feeding of a Jewish population, estimated
heretofore at 1.5 million, drops off to an estimated
total of 300,000 Jews, who still work for German
interests as craftsmen or otherwise. For these the
Jewish rations, including certain special allotments
which have proved necessary for the maintenance of
working capacity, will be retained. The other Jews, a
total of 1.2 million, will no longer be provided with
foodstuffs.
“Non-German normal consumers will receive, from 1
January 1943 to 1 March 1943, instead of 4.2 kg. bread
per month, 2.8 kg; from 1 March 1943 to 30 July 1943
the total bread ration for these non-German normal
consumers will be cancelled.
“Those entitled to be supplied
[Versorgungsberechtigten] are composed as follows. We
estimate that 3 million persons come into consideration
as war workers, the A- and B-card holders and their
kin, and that somewhat more than 3 million persons are
non-German normal consumers, who do not work directly
or indirectly in the interests of Germany. The war
workers, A- and B-card holders and their families,
about 3 million
[Page 639]
persons, will however continue to be supplied, up
to the harvest of 1943, at the prevailing rates.” (2233-
E-PS)
Naumann goes on to discuss the difficulties that may be
encountered in the process of requisition:
“The securing of all depots and food processing plants,
as well as their transport facilities must be assured,
as otherwise irreplaceable losses result which mean a
further burdening of the food budget. I have had maps
made of all districts [Kreise] on which the depots have
all been drawn in. I request that the necessary
measures be taken on the part of the police and these
depots, which are in the eye of the hungering masses,
above all at times when the restrictions are carried
out, should be strictly guarded, so that the meager
supplies which we have until the new harvest should not
be destroyed by sabotage or arson … Finally it must
be determined at the beginning of November whether the
martial law for the harvest period, which has been
proclaimed up to 30 November, must be extended to 30
December. Martial law for the harvest period has been
extended to all products which are to be seized. The
planned quota increase and reduction of ration
quantities must be kept secret under all circumstances
and may be published only at that time which the Main
Department for Food and Agriculture considers proper.
Should the reduction of ration quantities and the
increase of quotas become known earlier, extremely
noticeable disturbances in the seizure would take
place. The mass of the Polish population would then go
to the land and would become a supplementary competitor
of our requisitioning agencies.” (2233-E-PS)
Frank’s concluding remarks summarized the position as
follows:
“I must point out that some sectors of the
administration will feel this very keenly. In the first
place the police will feel this, for it will have to
deal, if I may say so, with an increased activity of
the black market and a neglect of food customs. I will
gladly give the police extraordinary powers so that
they can overcome these difficulties.
“The economy will feel it. The decrease of work
rendered will become felt in all sectors, branches and
regions. I also assume that our transport system will
feel it too. In view of the worsening living conditions
an extraordinary hardship
[Page 640]
will set in for railroad workers and other categories;
as the previous quantities of food were already not
enough. The monopolies will feel it through a decrease
of their incomes, as the amounts of potatoes available
for the production of vodka will be less.
“The Germans in this area shall not feel it. We wish in
spite of this new plan to see to it that the supplies
for Germans will be maintained. Also the Wehrmacht and
other encamped units in this area shall not feel it. We
hope that it will be possible for us to keep up the
whole quotas here.
“To help in this necessity there is a corresponding
measure, namely that the supervision of persons
traveling from the General Government to the Reich,
above all of military personnel, in order to see
whether they are taking food out of the General
Government, should be suspended. This means that in
addition to all that which we must now extract from the
land economically, there must take place a complete
removal of control over that which is dragged out of
the land by thousands upon thousands — doubtless
illegally and against our government measures.” (2233-E-
PS)
The extent of the General Government’s food contribution to
the Reich, and its significance in terms of rations within
Germany were described by Frank at a meeting of political
leaders of the NSDAP in December 1942 at Cracow:
“I will endeavor to get out of the reservoir of this
territory everything that is yet to be got out of it.
When you consider that it was possible for me to
deliver to the Reich 600,000 tons of bread grain, and
in addition 180,000 tons to the Armed Forces stationed
here; further an abundance amounting to many thousands
of tons of other commodities such as seed, fats,
vegetables, besides the delivery to the Reich of 300
million eggs, etc. — you can estimate the significance
of the consignment from the General Government of
600,000 tons of bread grain; you are referred to the
fact that the General Government by this achievement
alone covers the raising of the bread ration in the
Greater German Reich by two-thirds during the present
rationing period. This enormous achievement can
rightfully be claimed by us.” (2233-Z-PS)
(2) Resettlement projects. Although Himmler was given
general authority in connection with the conspirators'
program to resettle various districts in the conquered
Eastern territories with racial Germans, projects relating
to resettling districts in the
[Page 641]
General Government were submitted to and approved by Frank.
On 4 August 1942, for example, the plan to resettle Zamosc
and Lublin was reported to him by State Secretary Krueger:
"State Secretary Krueger then continues, saying that the
Reichsfuehrers next immediate plan until the end of the
following year would be to settle the following German
racial groups in the two districts (Zamosc and Lublin):1000
peasant settlements (1 settlement per family of about 6) for
Bosnian Germans; 1200 other kinds of settlements; 1000
settlements for Bessarabian Germans; 200 for Serbian
Germans; 2000 for Leningrad Germans; 4000 for Baltic
Germans; 500 for Wolhynia Germans; and 200 settlements for
Flemish, Danish and Dutch Germans: in all 10,000 settlements
for 50,000 persons” (2233-T-PS).
Frank directed that:
“*** the resettlement plan is to be discussed
cooperatively by the competent authorities and declared
his willingness to approve the final plan by the end of
September after satisfactory arrangements had been made
concerning all the questions appertaining thereto (in
particular the guaranteeing of peace and order) so that
by the middle of November, as the most favorable time,
the resettlement can begin.”
The way in which the resettlement at Zamosc was carried out
was described to Frank at a meeting at Warsaw on 25 January
1943 by State Secretary Krueger:
“When we settled about the first 4000 in Kreis Zamosc
shortly before Christmas I had an opportunity to speak
to these people. *** It is understandable that in
resettling this area … we did not make friends of
the Poles. *** In colonizing this territory with racial
Germans, we are forced to chase out the Poles. *** We
are removing those who constitute a burden in this new
colonization territory. Actually, they are the asocial
and inferior elements. They are being deported, first
brought to a concentration camp, and then sent as labor
to the Reich. From a Polish propaganda standpoint this
entire first action has had an unfavorable effect. For
the Poles say: After the Jews have been destroyed then
they will employ the same methods to get the Poles out
of this territory and liquidate them just like the
Jews.” (2233-AA-PS)
Although the illegality of this dispossession of Poles to
make room for German settlers was clear, and although the
fact that the Poles were not only being dispossessed but
taken off to concentration
[Page 642]
camps was drawn to Frank’s attention at this
time, he merely directed that individual cases of
resettlement should in future be discussed in the same
manner as in the case of Zamosc. (2233-AA-PS)
(3) Encroachments and confiscations n the industries and in
the field of private property.
Frank explained his policy in respect to Polish property to
his Department Heads in the following terms in December
1939:
“Principally it can be said regarding the
administration of the General Government: This
territory in its entirety is booty of the German Reich,
and it thus cannot be permitted that this territory
shall be exploited in its individual parts but that the
territory in its entirety shall be economically used
and its entire economic worth redound to the benefit of
the German people.” (2233-K-PS)
[Page 642]
Whatever encroachments there were on private property rights
in the General Government fell squarely within the policy
which Frank in an interview on 3 October 1939 stated he
intended to administer as General Governor:
“Poland can only be administered by utilizing the
country through means of ruthless exploitation,
deportation of all supplies, raw materials, machines,
factory installations etc. which are important for the
German war economy. *** [It was Frank’s opinion] that
the war would be a short one and that it was most
important now to make available as soon as possible raw
materials, machines and workers to the German industry,
which was short in all of these. Most important,
however, in Frank’s opinion, was the fact that by
destroying Polish industry, its subsequent
reconstruction after the war would become more
difficult, if not impossible, so that Poland would be
reduced to its proper position as an agrarian country
which would have to depend upon Germany for importation
of industrial products.” (EC-344-16 & 17)
The basic decree under which property in the General
Government was sequestered was promulgated by Frank on 24
January 1940. This decree authorized sequestration in
connection with the “performance of tasks serving the public
interest,” the seizure of “abandoned property,” and the
liquidation of “antisocial or financially unremunerative
property.” It permitted the Higher S.S. and Police Chief to
order sequestrations “with the object of increasing the
striking power of the units of the uniformed police and
armed S.S.” No legal recourse was granted
[Page 643]
for losses arising from the enforcement of the decree,
compensation being solely in the discretion of an official
of the General Government- It is clear that the undefined
criteria of this decree empowered Nazi officials in the
General Government to engage in wholesale seizure of
property. (2540-PS)
(4) Principle of collective responsibility. It was no part
of Frank' policy in administering the General Government
that reprisals should be commensurate with the gravity of
the offense. Frank was, on the contrary, an advocate of
drastic measures in dealing with the Polish people. At a
conference of Department Heads of the General Government on
19 January 1940, he explained:
“My relationship with the Poles is like the
relationship between ant and plant louse. When I treat
the Poles in a helpful way, so to speak tickle them in
a friendly manner, then I do it in the expectation that
their work performance redounds to my benefit. This is
not a political but a purely tactical-technical
problem. *** In cases where in spite of all these
measures the performance does not increase, or where
the slightest act gives me occasion to step in, I would
not even hesitate to take the most draconic action.”
(2233-PS)
At a subsequent meeting of Department Heads on 8 March 1940
Frank became even more explicit:
“Whenever there is the least attempt by the Poles to
start anything, an enormous campaign of destruction
will follow. Then I would not mind starting a regime of
terror, or fear its consequences.”
At a conference of District Standartenfuehrer at Cracow on
18 March 1942 Frank reiterated his policy:
“Incidentally, the struggle for the achievement of our
aims will be pursued cold bloodedly. You see how the
state agencies work. You see that we do not hesitate
before anything, and stand whole dozens of people up
against the wall. This is necessary because here simple
consideration says that it cannot be our task at this
period when the best German blood is being sacrificed,
to show regard for the blood of another race. For out
of this one of the greatest dangers may arise. One
already hears today in Germany that prisoners-of-war,
for instance with us in Bavaria or in Thuringia, are
administering large estates entirely independently,
while all the men in a village fit for service are at
the front. If this state of affairs continues then a
gradual
[Page 644]
retrogression of Germanism will show itself. One should
not underestimate this danger. Therefore, everything
revealing itself as a Polish power of leadership must
be destroyed again and again with ruthless energy. This
does -not have to be shouted abroad, it will happen
silently.” (2233-R-PS)
And on 15 January 1944 Frank assured the political leaders
of the NSDAP at Cracow:
“I have not been hesitant in declaring that when a
German is shot, up to 100 Poles shall be shot too.”
(2233-BB-PS)
(5) Rigorous methods of recruiting workers. Force, violence,
and economic duress were all advocated by Frank as means for
recruiting laborers for deportation to slave labor in
Germany. Deportation of Polish laborers to Germany was an
integral art of the program announced by Frank for his
administration of the General Government (See EC-344-16 &
17), and as Governor General he authorized whatever degree
of force was required for the execution of his program.
Voluntary methods of recruitment soon proved inadequate. In
the spring of 1940 the question of utilizing force came up,
and the following discussion took place in the presence of
Seyss-Inquart:
“The Governor-General stated that the fact that all
means in form of proclamations etc. did not bring
success, leads to the conclusion that the Poles out of
malevolence, and guided by the intention of harming
Germany by not putting themselves at its disposal,
refuse to enlist for working duty. Therefore, he asks
Dr. Frauendorfer, if there are any other measures, not
as yet employed, to win the Poles on a voluntary basis.
“Reichshauptamtsleiter Dr. Frauendorfer answered this
question negatively.
“The General Governor emphasized the fact that he now
will be asked to take a definite attitude toward this
question. Therefore the question will arise whether any
form of coercive measures should now be
“The question put by the General Governor to SS
Lieutenant General [Obergruppenfuehrer] Krueger: does
he see possibilities of calling Polish workers by
coercive means, is answered in the affirmative by SS
Lieutenant General Krueger.” (2233-N-PS)
At the same conference Frank declared that he was willing to
agree to any practical measures, and decreed that
unemployment
[Page 645]
compensation should be discontinued on 1 May 1940 as a means
of recruiting labor for Germany.
“The General Governor is willing to agree to any
practical measure; however, he wishes to be informed
personally about the measures to be taken. One measure,
which no doubt would be successful, would be the
discontinuance of unemployment compensation for
unemployed workers and their transfer to public
welfare. Therefore, he decrees that, beginning 1 May,
claim for unemployment compensation will cease to exist
and only public welfare may be granted. For the time
being only men are to report and above those men living
in cities. There might be a possibility of combining
the moving of the 120,000 Poles from the Warthe
district with this measure.” (2233-N-PS)
In March 1940 Frank assured the authorities in Berlin that
he was prepared to have villages surrounded and the people
dragged forcibly out. He reported that, in the course of his
negotiations in Berlin regarding the urgent demand for
larger numbers of Polish farm workers, he had stated:
“*** if it is demanded from him, [he] could naturally
exercise force in such a manner, that he has the police
surround a village and get the men and women in
question out by force, and then send them to Germany.
But one can also work differently, besides these police
measures, by retaining the unemployment compensation of
these workers in question.” (2233-B-PS)
At a conference of Department Heads of the General
Government on 10 May 1940 Frank laid down the following
principles for dealing with the problem of conscription
labor:
“Upon the demands from the Reich it has now been
decreed that compulsion may be exercised in view of the
fact that sufficient manpower was not voluntarily
available for service inside the German Reich. This
compulsion means the possibility of arrest of male and
female Poles … The arrest of young Poles when
leaving church services or the cinema would bring about
an ever-increasing nervousness of the Poles. Generally
speaking, he had no objection at all if the rubbish,
capable of work yet often loitering about, would be
snatched from the streets. The best method for this,
however, would be the organization of a raid, and it
would be absolutely justifiable to stop a Pole in the
street and to question him what he was doing, where he
was working, etc.” (2233-A-PS)
[Page 646]
Frank utilized starvation as a method of recruitment. At a
conference on 20 November 1942 the following plan was
agreed:
“Starting 1 February 1942 the food ration cards should
not be issued to the individual Pole or Ukrainian by
the Nutrition Office [Ernaehrungsamt], but to the
establishments working for the German interest.
2,000,000 people would thus be eliminated from the non-
German, normal ration consuming contingent. Now, if
those ration cards are only distributed by the
factories, part of those people will naturally rush
into the factories. Labor could then be either procured
for Germany from them or they could be used for the
most important work in the factories of the General
Government.” (2233-Y-PS)
On 18 August 1942 Frank informed Sauckel that the General
Government had already supplied 800,000 laborers to Germany,
and that a further 140,000 would be supplied by the end of
the year. Regarding the quota for the next year he promised:
“*** you can, however, next year reckon upon a higher
number of workers from the General Government, for we
shall employ the Police to conscript them.” (2233-W-PS)
Six months after Frank promised Sauckel to resort to police
action to round up labor for deportation to Germany, the
Chairman of the Ukrainian Main Committee reported to Frank
that the program was being carried out as follows:
“The wild and ruthless man-hunt carried on everywhere
in towns and country, in streets, squares, stations,
even in churches, at night in houses, has badly shaken
the feeling of security of the inhabitants. Everybody
is exposed to the danger of being seized anywhere and
at any time by members of the police, suddenly and
unexpectedly, and being brought into an assembly camp.
None of his relatives knows what has happened to him,
only weeks or months later, one or the other gives news
of his fate by a postcard.” (1526-PS)
(6) Closing of schools. The program outlined by Frank on 3
October 1939 as the program he intended to administer as
Governor General
“closing of all educational institutions, especially
technical schools and colleges in order to prevent the
growth of the new Polish intelligentsia.” (EC-344-16 &
17)
This decision was taken by Frank before it was determined
what schools, if any, might be closed because of failure of
instructors to refrain from reference to politics, or
refusal to submit to inspection by the occupying
authorities. Moreover, the policy was
[Page 647]
determined. as indicated, in furtherance of the purpose of
preventing the rise of an educated class in Poland.
(7) Other rimes. There were other grounds for uneasiness in
Poland which Frank does not mention in his report to Hitler.
He does not mention the Concentration Camps — perhaps
because, as the “representative jurist” of National
Socialism, Frank had himself defended the system in Germany.
As Governor General Frank is responsible for all
concentration camps within the boundaries of the General
Government. As indicated above, he knew and approved that
Poles were taken to concentration camps in connection with
the resettlement projects. He had certain jurisdiction, as
well, in relation to the notorious extermination camp
Auschwitz, to which Poles from the General Government were
committed by his administration, although the camp itself
lay outside the boundaries of the General Government. In
February 1944, Ambassador Counsellor Dr. Schumberg suggested
a possible amnesty of Poles who had been taken to Auschwitz
for trivial offenses and kept for several months. The report
of the conference continues:
“The Governor General will take under consideration an
amnesty probably for 1 May of this year. Nevertheless,
one must not lose sight of the fact that the German
leadership of the General Government must not now show
any signs of weakness.” (2233-BB-PS)
G. CONCLUSION.
As legal adviser of Hitler and the leadership corps of the
NSDAP, Frank promoted the conspirators' rise to power. In 18
various juridical capacities, both in the NSDAP and in the
German government, Frank advocated and promoted the
political monopoly of the NSDAP, the racial program of the
conspirators, -and the terror system of the concentration
camp and of arrest without warrant. His role in the common
plan was to realize “the National Socialist Program in the
realm of law", and to give the outward form of legality to
this program of terror, persecution and oppression, which
had as its ultimate purpose mobilization for aggressive war.
As a loyal adherent of Hitler and the NSDAP, Frank was
appointed Governor General in October 1939 of that area of
Poland known as the General Government, which became the
testing ground for the conspirators' program of
"Lebensraum.” Frank had defined justice in the field of
German law as that which bene-
[Page 648]
fited the German nation. His five year administration of the
General Government illustrates the same principles applied
in the field of International Law.
Frank took the office of Governor General under a program
which constituted in itself a criminal plan or conspiracy,
as Frank well knew and approved, to exploit the territory
ruthlessly for the benefit of Nazi Germany, to conscript its
nationals for labor in Germany, to close its schools and
colleges to prevent the rise of a Polish intelligentsia, and
to administer the territory as a colonial possession of the
Third Reich in total disregard of the duties of an occupying
power toward the inhabitants of occupied territory. Under
Frank’s administration this criminal plan was consummated.
But the execution went even beyond the plan. Food
contributions to Germany increased to the point where the
bare subsistence reserved for the General Government under
the plan was reduced to the level of mass starvation; a
savage program of exterminating Jews was relentlessly
executed; resettlement projects were carried out with
reckless disregard of the rights of the local population;
the terror of the concentration camp followed in the wake of
the Nazi invaders.
It has been shown that all of these crimes were committed in
accordance with the official policies established and
advocated by Frank.
This summary of evidence has been compiled almost entirely
from statements by Frank himself, from the admissions found
in his diaries. official reports, records of his conferences
with his colleagues and subordinates, and his speeches. It
is therefore appropriate that a final passage from his diary
should be quoted in conclusion. In January 1943, Frank told
his colleagues in the General Government that their task
would grow more difficult. Hitler, he said, could only help
them as a kind of “administrative pillbox". They must depend
on themselves.
"We are now duty bound to hold together [he continued] ***
We must remember that we who are gathered together here
figure on Mr. Roosevelt’s list of war criminals. I have the
honor of being Number One. We have, so to speak, become
accomplices in the world historic sense.” (2233-AA-PS)
LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING
TO HANS FRANK
[Page 649]
Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6.
Vol. I, Pg. 5
International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1,
Section IV (H); Appendix A. Vol. I, Pg. 29,60
[Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates
that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnberg
trial. A double asterisk (**) before a document number
indicates that the document was referred to during the trial
but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason
given in parentheses following the description of the
document.- The USA series number, given in parentheses
following the description of the document, is the official
exhibit number assigned by the court.]
*437-PS; Extract from report, 19 June 1943, by Frank to
Hitler, concerning situation in Poland. (USA 610). Vol. III,
Pg. 396
*864-PS; Top Secret Note, 20 October 1939, on conference
between Hitler and Chief OKW concerning future relations- of
Poland to Germany, 17 October 1939. (USA 609) . Vol. III,
Pg. 619
1391-PS; Statute of the Academy for German Law, 2 July
1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, pp. 605-607. . Vol. III, Pg.
970
[Page 650]
*1526-PS; Letter from Ukrainian Main Committee to Frank,
February 1943. (USA 178) . Vol. IV, Pg. 79
*2233-A-PS; Frank Diary. Abteilungsleitersitzungen, 1939-
1940. Minutes of conferences, December and May 1940. (USA
173) . Vol. IV, Pg. 883
*2233-B-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part I. January-
March. (USA 174) . Vol. IV, Pg. 885
*2233-C-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part IV. October-
December. (USA 271) . Vol. IV, Pg. 890
*2233-D-PS; Frank Diary. Regierungsitzungen. 1941. October-
December. Entry of 16 December 1941 at pp. 76-77. (USA 281)
. Vol. IV, Pg. 891
*2233-E-PS; Frank Diary. Regierungs-Hauptabteilungsleiter-
Sitzungen. 1942. Entry of 24 August 1942. (USA 283) . Vol.
IV, Pg. 893
*2233-F-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1 January 1944 — 28
February 1944. Entry of 25 January 1944 at p. 5. (USA 295) .
Vol. IV, Pg. 902
*2233-H-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1941. Part II. Entry of
19 April 1941. (USA 311) . Vol. IV, Pg. 904
*2233-K-PS; Frank Diary. Abteilungsleitersitzungen. 1939-
1940. Entry of 2 December 1939. (USA 173) . Vol. IV, Pg. 905
2233-L-PS; Frank Diary. Abteilungsleitersitzungen. 1939-
1940. Entry of 19 January 1940 at pp. 11-12. . Vol. IV,
Pg. 906
*2233-M-PS; Frank Diary. Abteilungsleitersitzungen. 1939-
1940. Entry of 8 March 1940. (USA 173) . Vol. IV, Pg. 906
*2233-N-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part II. April to
June. (USA 614) . Vol. IV, Pg. 907
*2233-O-PS; Frank Diary. Abteilungsleitersitzungen. 1939-
1940. Entry of 19 December 1940 at pp. 12-13. (USA 173) .
Vol. IV, Pg. 909
[Page 651]
*2233-P-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1941. Part III. Entry of
9 September 1941 at p. 830. (USA 611) . Vol. IV, Pg. 909
*2233-Q-PS; Frank Diary. Regierungssitzungen. October-
December 1941. Entry of 16 December 1941 at pp. 35, 66.
Vol. IV, Pg. 909
*2233-R-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part I. Entry of
18 March 1942 at pp. 185, 186, 195-196. (USA 608) . Vol. IV,
Pg. 910
*2233-S-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. entry of
1 August 1942 at p. 798. (USA 607) . Vol. IV, Pg. 911
*2233-T-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. Entry of
4 August 1942 at pp. 830-832. (USA 607) . Vol. IV, Pg. 911
2233-V-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. Entry of
5 August 1942 at pp. 866, 896. Vol. IV, Pg. 912
*2233-W-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. Entry of
18 August 1942 at pp. 918, 920. (USA 607). Vol. IV, Pg. 911
*2233-X-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. Entry of
28 August 1942 at pp. 968-969, 983. (USA 607) . Vol. IV, Pg.
913
2233-Y-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part IV. Entry of
20 November 1942 at pp. 1212-1213. Vol. IV, Pg. 914
*2233-Z-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part IV. Entry of
14 December 1942 at pp. 1329-1331. (USA 612) . Vol. IV, Pg.
915
*2233-AA-PS; Frank Diary. Arbeitssitzungen. 1943. Entry of
25 January 1943 at pp. 16,17,19, 53. (USA 613) . Vol. IV,
Pg. 916
*2233-BB-PS; Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1 January 1944 — 28
February 1944. Entry of 14 January 1944, 16 January 1944, 8
February 1944. (USA 295) . Vol. IV, Pg. 917
2533-PS; Extract from article “Legislation and Judiciary in
Third Reich", from Journal of the Academy for German Law,
1936, pp. 141-142. Vol. V, Pg. 277
2536-PS; Speech by Dr. Frank on “The Jews in Jurisprudence”
and Radio Speech, published in Documents of German Politics,
Vol. II. Vol. V, Pg. 277
2537-PS; Decree of the Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor
concerning Administration of Occupied Polish Territories, 12
October 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 2077. Vol.
V, Pg. 279
2540-PS; Decree concerning sequestration of private
property in the General Government, 24 January 1940,
published in Verordnungsblatt fuer das Generalgouverneurs,
No. 6, 27 January 1940. p. 23. Vol. V, Pg. 280
*2979-PS; Affidavit by Hans Frank, 15 November 1945,
concerning positions held. (USA 7) . Vol. V, Pg. 684
3445-PS; Speech by Hans Frank, reported in German Law,
1939, Vol. 2. Vol. VI, Pg. 153
3814-PS; Correspondence between Hans Frank, Lammers and
various witnesses to the conduct of Frank, February 1945.
Vol. VI, Pg. 739
3815-PS; Report of the SS, 25 April 1942, concerning the
activities of Hans Frank in Poland. Vol. VI, Pg. 745
[Page 653]
*EC-344-16 and EC-344-17; Thomas report, 20 August 1940,
summarizing experience with German Armament Industry in
Poland 1939-40 and extract from report by Captain Dr. Varain
on same subject. (USA 297) . Vol. VII, Pg. 419
*Chart No. 1; National Socialist German Workers' Party.
(2903-PS; USA 2) . Vol. VIII, Pg. 770
